Week 5 Term II 2024 Nuclear Reactions

Homework

Models of the Atom & Radioactivity

• Act 15A, p.173-176 Models of the Atom and Radioactivity
• Ex 5A, p. 151-155 Models of the Atom
• Ex 5B, p.160-171 Radioactivity

Nuclaer Reactions

• Act 16A, p. 181, Nuclear Reactions
• Ex 5C, p.175-182 Nuclear Reactions

Nuclear Reactions:

• Conservation of Atomic Number
• Conservation of Nucleon Number
• Conservation of Mass-Energy E = Δmc2

E = Δmc2

Nuclear Fusion in the Sun

Binding Energy comes from the change in mass from individual nucleons to being combined into a nucleus. This is energy lost by the nucleons joined together in a nucleus and must be returned in order to separate the nucleons

E = Δmc2

Element formation in Stars Nuclear Fusion

Binding Energy Per Nucleon

Mass Per Nucleon

A 'cheatsheet' on Binding Energy in nuclear physics

Binding Energy - A-level Physics

Nuclear Reactions

Fission Fusion and Radioactive Decay

Fission & Fusion

Natural Nuclear Fission Reactor

Week 2 Term 2 2024 History of Models of the Atom

Homework

Models of the Atom & Radioactivity

• Act 15A, p.173-176 Models of the Atom and Radioactivity
• Ex 5A, p. 151-155 Models of the Atom
• Ex 5B, p.160-171 Radioactivity

Models of the Atom

History of the Atom

Models of the Atom Timeline

Discovery of the Electron: Cathode Ray Tube Experiment

Discovery of the Nucleus: Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment

Charge of an Electron: Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment

Atomic Structure: Discovery of the Neutron

Parts of the Atom

Isotopes

Isotopes are versions of an atom or an element that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons

What are Isotopes?

Radioactive Decay

Alpha, Beta & Gamma Radiation

• Alpha particles are emitted by a larger nucleus that has too many Protons
• Beta particles are emitted by a nucleus that has too many Neutrons
• Gamma photons are emitted by a nucleus that has too much Energy (is in an exited state)

• PhET Alpha Decay app can be found here
• PhET Beta Decay app can be found here

Alpha Decay

Beta Decay

Radiation

Types of Radiation

Stable and Unstable Nuclei | Radioactivity | Physics | FuseSchool

Is radiation dangerous?

The Most Radioactive Places on Earth

Millisieverts and Radiation - Sixty Symbols

Half life | Radioactivity | Physics | FuseSchool

Half Life Calculations

Not all your Atoms are Stardust

Week 1 Term 2 2024 Torque

 Homework

Kinematics

• Act 8B Graphs of motion p.101
• Act 8C Kinematics p.102
• Ex 4E Kinematics p.115-117

Projectile Motion

• Act 12B Projectile Motion p.140-141
• Ex 4F Projectile Motion p.119-124

Vectors

• Act 9A Vectors p.108-109
• Ex 4A Vectors p.90-94

Forces

• Act 10A Forces p.117-118
• Act 10B Forces p.123-124
• Ex 4B Forces p.97-104

Circular Motiuon

• Act 13A p.148-149 Circular Motion
• Ex 4H p.132-134 Circular Motion

Springs

• Act 14A p.155 Energy and Springs
• Ex 4I p.137-141 Springs

Energy Work & Power

• Act 14B p.158-160 Energy
• Ex 4J p.143-147 Energy Work & Power

Momentum & Impulse

• Act 11A, p.130 Momentum and Impulse
• Act 11B, p. 133-134 Collisions
• Ex 4D, p.108-112 Momentum P = mv
• Ex 4C, p.105-107 Impulse ΔP = FΔt

Torque

• Act 10B, p.123-124, Torque
• Ex 4G p.125-130 Torque

Torque

𝝉 = F L⦜
𝝉: Torque (Nm)
F: applied Force (N)
L⦜: Length of lever at right angles to the applied force (m)


• Torque (Moments) in Level 2 Physics will involve Static Systems
• Therefore the Torques are balanced and the Forces are balanced - Newton's Laws of Motion apply to turning forces as well as linear forces
• PhET - Torque Balancing Act simulation







Bridge support forces moments




Torque (Moments anout a point)
Static (unmoving) systems will be used for this section. Therefore all forces, linear and turning, are balanced











Torque

Torque and Equilibrium

Static Equilibrium, Mobile Calculation

Week 11 Term 1 2024 Momentum and Impulse

Homework

Kinematics

• Act 8B Graphs of motion p.101
• Act 8C Kinematics p.102
• Ex 4E Kinematics p.115-117

Projectile Motion

• Act 12B Projectile Motion p.140-141
• Ex 4F Projectile Motion p.119-124

Vectors

• Act 9A Vectors p.108-109
• Ex 4A Vectors p.90-94

Forces

• Act 10A Forces p.117-118
• Act 10B Forces p.123-124
• Ex 4B Forces p.97-104

Circular Motiuon

• Act 13A p.148-149 Circular Motion
• Ex 4H p.132-134 Circular Motion

Springs

• Act 14A p.155 Energy and Springs
• Ex 4I p.137-141 Springs

Energy Work & Power

• Act 14B p.158-160 Energy
• Ex 4J p.143-147 Energy Work & Power

Momentum & Impulse

• Act 11A, p.130 Momentum and Impulse
• Act 11B, p. 133-134 Collisions
• Ex 4D, p.108-112 Momentum P = mv
• Ex 4C, p.105-107 Impulse ΔP = FΔt

Momentum

Conservation of Momentum

In the absence of external forces the total momentum of a system is always conserved

Impulse

The change in Momentum for a single object

ΔP = Pf - Pi

&

ΔP = FΔt

&

ΔP = mΔv

• The unis are eithor Ns or kgms-1 , this is the same unit and the one that is used depends on the context
• Impulse on one object is always equal and opposite to the impulse on the other onject - Newton's Third Law

Physics of Car Crashes (Impulse)

Impulse

Impulse

Impulse examples///Homemade Science with Bruce Yeany

Momentum

Impulse

Week 8 Term 1 2024 Energy Work Power

 Homework

Kinematics

• Act 8B Graphs of motion p.101
• Act 8C Kinematics p.102
• Ex 4E Kinematics p.115-117

Projectile Motion

• Act 12B Projectile Motion p.140-141
• Ex 4F Projectile Motion p.119-124

Vectors

• Act 9A Vectors p.108-109
• Ex 4A Vectors p.90-94

Forces

• Act 10A Forces p.117-118
• Act 10B Forces p.123-124
• Ex 4B Forces p.97-104

Circular Motiuon

• Act 13A p.148-149 Circular Motion
• Ex 4H p.132-134 Circular Motion

Springs

• Act 14A p.155 Energy & Springs
• Ex 4I p.137-141 Springs

Energy

• Act 14B, p. 158-160 Combined Mechanics
• Ex 4J, p. 143-147 Energy, Work, Power

Energy

• Energy can never be created
• Energy can never be destroyed
• Energy can only change its form (Work is done)
• Energy has the ability to make something happen, i.e. to do Work
• The unit for energy is the Joule (J)
• J = Kgm²s-²  in fundamental units

Perpetual Motion Machine?

A Simple Proof of Conservation of Energy

Conservation of Energy

Work & Transformation of Energy

Power & Work Done

Kinetic Energy

Gravitaional Potential Energy

Work, Energy, and Power

Work, Energy and Power Review

Gravitational Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy Skate Park PhET Link - HTML

Work

Work is a transformation (change) of energy from one form to another form. Work only occurs when something is done.

• Power is the rate at which energy is transformed
• Power is the rate at which work is done
• Unit of power Watt (W = J/s)

Power vs Energy

Work, Energy & Power

Kinetic Energy & Gravitational Potential Energy

World's Heaviest Weight - the importance of error reduction through measurement